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LL-37: molecular data, studies & sources

LL-37 is catalogued here as a research compound. This profile brings together the molecular source record, selected indexed publications and available supplier comparisons. Evidence for a named substance does not authenticate a commercial product.

Compiled by PeptideTech Editors · Sources checked · Selected bibliography, not a systematic review

Molecular formula, weight & structure

Molecular formula (MF)
C205H340N60O53
Molecular weight (MW)
4493 g/mol
PubChem compound ID
16198951
Record title
LL-37

Values describe the selected PubChem molecular entity. Counterions, salt forms, hydration and sequence changes can alter the supplied material. Confirm the exact identity against the supplier specification.

Source: PubChem CID 16198951 · retrieved 2026-09-21

2D molecular structure for LL-37, PubChem CID 16198951
2D depiction from PubChem. Open to inspect the full image. This drawing represents the selected record, not a vendor batch test.
Chemical identifiers and source data
IUPAC name
(4S)-5-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
InChIKey
POIUWJQBRNEFGX-XAMSXPGMSA-N
SMILES
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N
Machine-readable PubChem source

Identifiers & sequence

PubChem CID
16198951
CAS Registry Number
154947-66-7via FDA GSRS
FDA UNII
3DD771JO2H
ChEMBL ID
CHEMBL530345
InChIKey
POIUWJQBRNEFGX-XAMSXPGMSA-N
Wikidata
Q135995608

Peptide sequence · 37 residues (one-letter code; X marks a residue without a one-letter code)

LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES

Condensed notation with terminal groups and non-standard residues

H-Leu-Leu-Gly-Asp-Phe-Phe-Arg-Lys-Ser-Lys-Glu-Lys-Ile-Gly-Lys-Glu-Phe-Lys-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys-Asp-Phe-Leu-Arg-Asn-Leu-Val-Pro-Arg-Thr-Glu-Ser-OH

Source: PubChem Biologic Line Notation. A reference sequence for the record, not an analysis of a supplied batch.

CAS numbers are published only from ChemIDplus, EPA DSSTox or the FDA Global Substance Registration System; UNII codes are confirmed in FDA GSRS by structure, sequence or exact name. Checked 2026-10-07.

Calculated molecular descriptors
Monoisotopic (exact) mass4490.5754 Da
Heavy atoms318
Hydrogen-bond donors68
Hydrogen-bond acceptors59
Rotatable bonds161
Topological polar surface area1901.1 Ų
Calculated logP (Crippen)-14.63
Rings5
Stereocenters39
Formal charge0

Computed with RDKit from the published SMILES (Crippen logP, topological polar surface area). Calculated descriptors are not measured properties of a supplied batch.

Registered clinical trials

Studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov that list LL-37 as an intervention. Studies that only measure the molecule as a biomarker, or use it only as a comparator or background arm for another drug, are excluded. A registration describes a planned or completed protocol; it does not report a result. Active studies are listed first.

2 registered studies matched, 1 with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov.

By highest phase
Phase 2 · 2
By registry status
Completed · 1Unknown · 1
StudyPhase · statusConditionsSponsor · size
Efficacy of LL-37 Cream on Bacteria Colonization, Inflammation Response and Healing Rate of Diabetic Foot UlcersNCT04098562 · start 2019-10 · primary completion 2019-12Phase 2UnknownDiabetic Foot UlcerFakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia40 participants
Intratumoral Injections of LL37 for MelanomaNCT02225366 · start 2015-07-08 · primary completion 2020-11-24Phase 1 / Phase 2CompletedResults posted 2021-12-09MelanomaM.D. Anderson Cancer Center4 participants

Registry check 2026-10-09 · Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Human intervention studies

Selected studies in which participants received LL-37, with their indexed or reviewed study type. Check the original article for the formulation, population and controls. Studies that only measured the molecule, or used it as a comparator, are listed separately below and are not counted as intervention studies.

No human study that administered this compound was retained in this selected bibliography. This is a documented evidence gap in our selection, not proof that no study exists.

    Human studies that measured LL-37 or used it as a comparator

    Indexed as human studies in PubMed, but participants were not given LL-37 as the studied intervention, or the record does not establish that they were. They describe measurements or comparisons, not the effect of administering the compound.

    1. Human study · PubMed trial index Endogenous level measured · not given

      Serum level of cathelicidin LL-37 in patients with active tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.

      Majewski K, Agier J, Kozłowska E et al. · Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents · 2017

      PMID 28956425

    Preclinical research, reviews & other publications

    Animal studies, laboratory experiments, reviews and other indexed papers answer different questions. A review is secondary evidence; a case report does not estimate how often an outcome occurs.

    1. Research publication · design requires review

      Vitamin D triggers hCAP18/LL-37 production: Implications for LL-37-induced human osteoblast cytotoxicity.

      Aidoukovitch A, Bankell E, Svensson D et al. · Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2024

      PMID 38642493 · DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149962

    2. Research publication · design requires review

      LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis.

      Radic M, Muller S · Cells · 2022

      PMID 35954305 · DOI: 10.3390/cells11152463

    3. Research publication · design requires review

      LL-37: A Direct Link Between Inflammation and Myocardial Infarction.

      Schneider DJ · JACC. Basic to translational science · 2024

      PMID 39170953 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2024.05.007

    LL-37 supplier sources

    Scientific sources describe molecules and experiments. The commercial links below identify recorded supplier packages. A publication or chemical database entry does not verify the seller, purity, sterility or contents of a lot. Some links are affiliate links; see our disclosure.

    LL-37 for sale: compare prices, sizes and forms from every tracked supplier →

    SupplierRecorded packagesExample source listing
    Amino ClubUSD5mg Vial1 recorded offers5mg Vial · $34.99Stale observation · Checked Sep 28, 2026Supplier listing, LL-37 5mg Vial, Amino Club, opens in a new tab
    Amino USAUSD5mg Vial1 recorded offers5mg Vial · $80.00Checked Oct 13, 2026Supplier listing, LL-37 5mg Vial, Amino USA, opens in a new tab
    Cenexa LabsUSD5mg Vial1 recorded offers5mg Vial · $89.99Checked Oct 13, 2026Supplier listing, LL-37 5mg Vial, Cenexa Labs, opens in a new tab

    Reference sources & further reading

    The citations above link directly to publication records. Encyclopedia links are background reading and are not used to establish clinical effectiveness.

    Search for additional research

    These links run searches; their results have not been individually reviewed and can include unrelated compounds.

    Research information is not a dosing guide or a recommendation for personal use. Study findings are specific to the formulation, population and methods tested. Read our source and correction policy.

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