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LL-37: molecular data, studies & sources

LL-37 is catalogued here as a research compound. This profile brings together the molecular source record, selected indexed publications and available supplier comparisons. Evidence for a named substance does not authenticate a commercial product.

Compiled by PeptideTech Editors · Sources checked · Selected bibliography, not a systematic review

Molecular formula, weight & structure

Molecular formula (MF)
C205H340N60O53
Molecular weight (MW)
4493 g/mol
PubChem compound ID
16198951
Record title
LL-37

Values describe the selected PubChem molecular entity. Counterions, salt forms, hydration and sequence changes can alter the supplied material. Confirm the exact identity against the supplier specification.

Source: PubChem CID 16198951 · retrieved 2026-09-21

PubChem 2D molecular structure for LL-37, CID 16198951
2D depiction from PubChem. Open to inspect the full image. This drawing represents the selected record, not a vendor batch test.
Chemical identifiers and source data
IUPAC name
(4S)-5-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
InChIKey
POIUWJQBRNEFGX-XAMSXPGMSA-N
SMILES
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N
Machine-readable PubChem source

Human and clinical studies

Selected human-study records are shown with their indexed or reviewed study type. Check the original article for the intervention, formulation and controls; the molecule can also be a comparator or measured variable.

  1. Human study · PubMed trial index

    Serum level of cathelicidin LL-37 in patients with active tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.

    Majewski K, Agier J, Kozłowska E et al. · Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents · 2017

    PMID 28956425

Preclinical research, reviews & other publications

Animal studies, laboratory experiments, reviews and other indexed papers answer different questions. A review is secondary evidence; a case report does not estimate how often an outcome occurs.

  1. Research publication · design requires review

    Vitamin D triggers hCAP18/LL-37 production: Implications for LL-37-induced human osteoblast cytotoxicity.

    Aidoukovitch A, Bankell E, Svensson D et al. · Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2024

    PMID 38642493 · DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149962

  2. Research publication · design requires review

    LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis.

    Radic M, Muller S · Cells · 2022

    PMID 35954305 · DOI: 10.3390/cells11152463

  3. Research publication · design requires review

    LL-37: A Direct Link Between Inflammation and Myocardial Infarction.

    Schneider DJ · JACC. Basic to translational science · 2024

    PMID 39170953 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2024.05.007

LL-37 supplier sources

Scientific sources describe molecules and experiments. The commercial links below identify recorded supplier packages. A publication or chemical database entry does not verify the seller, purity, sterility or contents of a lot. Some links are affiliate links; see our disclosure.

Compare all LL-37 sizes, forms and supplier prices →

SupplierRecorded packagesExample source listing
Amino ClubUSD5mg Vial1 recorded offers5mg Vial · $34.99Checked Sep 16, 2026Supplier listing
Amino USAUSD5mg Vial1 recorded offers5mg Vial · $72.00Checked Sep 16, 2026Supplier listing
Cenexa LabsUSD5mg Vial1 recorded offers5mg Vial · $89.99Checked Sep 16, 2026Supplier listing
Particle PeptidesEUR5mg Vial1 recorded offers5mg Vial · €79.99Checked Sep 16, 2026Supplier listing

Reference sources & further reading

The citations above link directly to publication records. Encyclopedia links are background reading and are not used to establish clinical effectiveness.

Search for additional research

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Research information is not a dosing guide or a recommendation for personal use. Study findings are specific to the formulation, population and methods tested. Read our source and correction policy.

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