Other compounds

Cardarine: molecular data, studies & sources

Cardarine is catalogued here as a research compound. This profile brings together the molecular source record, selected indexed publications and available supplier comparisons. Evidence for a named substance does not authenticate a commercial product.

Compiled by PeptideTech Editors · Sources checked 2026-10-09 · Selected bibliography, not a systematic review

Molecular formula, weight & structure

Molecular formula (MF): C21H18F3NO3S2
Molecular weight (MW): 453.5 g/mol
PubChem compound ID: 9803963
Record title: GW 501516

Values describe the selected PubChem molecular entity. Counterions, salt forms, hydration and sequence changes can alter the supplied material. Confirm the exact identity against the supplier specification.

Source: PubChem CID 9803963 · retrieved 2026-10-09

2D molecular structure for Cardarine, PubChem CID 9803963 — 2D depiction from PubChem. Open to inspect the full image. This drawing represents the selected record, not a vendor batch test.

Chemical identifiers and source data

IUPAC name: 2-[2-methyl-4-[[4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]phenoxy]acetic acid
InChIKey: YDBLKRPLXZNVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)SCC2=C(N=C(S2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)C)OCC(=O)O

Machine-readable PubChem source

Identifiers

PubChem CID: 9803963
CAS Registry Number: 317318-70-0via ChemIDplus, EPA DSSTox, FDA GSRS
FDA UNII: 7I2HA1NU22
ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL38943
InChIKey: YDBLKRPLXZNVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Wikidata: Q5515069

Other names and development codes: GSK-516 · GW-1516 · GW501516

CAS numbers are published only from ChemIDplus, EPA DSSTox or the FDA Global Substance Registration System; UNII codes are confirmed in FDA GSRS by structure, sequence or exact name. Checked 2026-10-09.

Calculated molecular descriptors

Monoisotopic (exact) mass	453.0680 Da
Heavy atoms	30
Hydrogen-bond donors	1
Hydrogen-bond acceptors	5
Rotatable bonds	7
Topological polar surface area	59.4 Å²
Calculated logP (Crippen)	6.20
Rings	3
Stereocenters	0
Formal charge	0

Computed with RDKit from the published SMILES (Crippen logP, topological polar surface area). Calculated descriptors are not measured properties of a supplied batch.

US regulatory status & drug development

Drug development record (ChEMBL)

Harmonized drug-development record from ChEMBL. The highest clinical stage is the furthest stage reached, as recorded by ChEMBL; it can lag regulatory approvals, and it is not an approval of a research-supplier product.

ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL38943
Modality: Small molecule
Highest clinical stage: Phase 2
Record name: GW501516

Mechanism of action

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist · target: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)

Synonyms, codes and trade names

Synonyms and development codes: GSK-516 · GW-1516 · GW501516

Identity check: Identical standard InChIKey to the PubChem record. Source: ChEMBL CHEMBL38943 (EMBL-EBI, CC BY-SA 3.0) · retrieved 2026-10-09

Registered clinical trials

Studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov that list Cardarine as an intervention. Studies that only measure the molecule as a biomarker, or use it only as a comparator or background arm for another drug, are excluded. A registration describes a planned or completed protocol; it does not report a result. Active studies are listed first.

3 registered studies matched.

By highest phase: Phase 4 · 1Phase 2 · 1Not applicable · 1
By registry status: Completed · 3

Study	Phase · status	Conditions	Sponsor · size
An Exploratory Study To Look At The Effect Of Two Investigational Drugs On Body Fat And InflammationNCT00388180 · start 2004-12	Not applicableCompleted	Hypercholesterolemia · Dyslipidaemias · Obesity	GlaxoSmithKline71 participants
GW501516 In Subjects Who Have Low Level Of High-Density Lipoprotein CholesterolNCT00158899 · start 2004-08 · primary completion 2006-06	Phase 2Completed	Dyslipidaemias · Dyslipidaemia	GlaxoSmithKline424 participants
Regulation of Lipoprotein Transport in Metabolic SyndromeNCT00841217 · start 2003-04 · primary completion 2005-08	Phase 4Completed	Obesity · Lipid Disorders · Cardiovascular Disease	The University of Western Australia13 participants

Registry check 2026-10-09 · Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Human intervention studies

Selected studies in which participants received Cardarine, with their indexed or reviewed study type. Check the original article for the formulation, population and controls. Studies that only measured the molecule, or used it as a comparator, are listed separately below and are not counted as intervention studies.

No human study that administered this compound was retained in this selected bibliography. This is a documented evidence gap in our selection, not proof that no study exists.

Preclinical research, reviews & other publications

Animal studies, laboratory experiments, reviews and other indexed papers answer different questions. A review is secondary evidence; a case report does not estimate how often an outcome occurs.

Preclinical / laboratory research
Comprehensive characterization of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-δ agonist GW501516 for horse doping control analysis.
Trevisiol S, Moulard Y, Delcourt V et al. · Drug testing and analysis · 2021
PMID 33547737 · DOI: 10.1002/dta.3013
Preclinical / laboratory research
PPARδ agonist GW501516 prevents uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cerebral microvessels of hph-1 mice.
Santhanam AV, d'Uscio LV, He T et al. · Brain research · 2012
PMID 22982594 · DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.012
Research publication · design requires review
PPARβ/δ Agonist GW501516 Inhibits Tumorigenicity of Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in C666-1 Cells by Promoting Apoptosis.
Ji Y, Li H, Wang F et al. · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018
PMID 30002625 · DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00648
Research publication · design requires review
Therapeutic potential of GW501516 and the role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ and B-cell lymphoma 6 in inflammatory signaling in human pancreatic cancer cells.
Smith RW, Coleman JD, Thompson JT et al. · Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2016
PMID 28955982 · DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.10.014
Research publication · design requires review
Testing for GW501516 (cardarine) in human hair using LC/MS-MS and confirmation by LC/HRMS.
Kintz P, Ameline A, Gheddar L et al. · Drug testing and analysis · 2020
PMID 32298044 · DOI: 10.1002/dta.2802
Preclinical / laboratory research
Effects of the PPAR-beta agonist GW501516 in an in vitro model of brain inflammation and antibody-induced demyelination.
Defaux A, Zurich MG, Braissant O et al. · Journal of neuroinflammation · 2009
PMID 19422681 · DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-6-15
Preclinical / laboratory research
PPARdelta activator GW-501516 has no acute effect on glucose transport in skeletal muscle.
Terada S, Wicke S, Holloszy JO et al. · American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2005
PMID 16278250 · DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00430.2005
Research publication · design requires review
Novel Solid Forms of Cardarine/GW501516 and Their Characterization by X-Ray Diffraction, Thermal, Computational, FTIR, and UV Analysis.
Turza A, Bosca M, Muresan-Pop M et al. · Pharmaceutics · 2025
PMID 40006519 · DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17020152

Cardarine supplier sources

Scientific sources describe molecules and experiments. The commercial links below identify recorded supplier packages. A publication or chemical database entry does not verify the seller, purity, sterility or contents of a lot. Some links are affiliate links; see our disclosure.

No priced supplier offers are currently available in this catalog view. The research record remains available independently of stock.

Reference sources & further reading

PubChem compound record 9803963 — chemical identity and structure.
ChEMBL drug record CHEMBL38943 — development stage, mechanism and synonyms.
FDA Global Substance Registration System: UNII 7I2HA1NU22 — substance identity, names and codes.

The citations above link directly to publication records. Encyclopedia links are background reading and are not used to establish clinical effectiveness.

Search for additional research

These links run searches; their results have not been individually reviewed and can include unrelated compounds.

Research information is not a dosing guide or a recommendation for personal use. Study findings are specific to the formulation, population and methods tested. Read our source and correction policy.