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Glutathione: molecular data, studies & sources

Glutathione is catalogued here as a research compound. This profile brings together the molecular source record, selected indexed publications and available supplier comparisons. Evidence for a named substance does not authenticate a commercial product.

Compiled by PeptideTech Editors · Sources checked · Selected bibliography, not a systematic review

Molecular formula, weight & structure

Molecular formula (MF)
C10H17N3O6S
Molecular weight (MW)
307.33 g/mol
PubChem compound ID
124886
Record title
Glutathione

Values describe the selected PubChem molecular entity. Counterions, salt forms, hydration and sequence changes can alter the supplied material. Confirm the exact identity against the supplier specification.

Source: PubChem CID 124886 · retrieved 2026-09-21

2D molecular structure for Glutathione, PubChem CID 124886
2D depiction from PubChem. Open to inspect the full image. This drawing represents the selected record, not a vendor batch test.
Chemical identifiers and source data
IUPAC name
(2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
InChIKey
RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N
SMILES
C(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
Machine-readable PubChem source
Calculated molecular descriptors
Monoisotopic (exact) mass307.0838 Da
Heavy atoms20
Hydrogen-bond donors6
Hydrogen-bond acceptors6
Rotatable bonds9
Topological polar surface area158.8 Ų
Calculated logP (Crippen)-2.21
Rings0
Stereocenters2
Formal charge0

Computed with RDKit from the published SMILES (Crippen logP, topological polar surface area). Calculated descriptors are not measured properties of a supplied batch.

Registered clinical trials

Studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov that list Glutathione as an intervention. Studies that only measure the molecule as a biomarker are excluded. A registration describes a planned or completed protocol; it does not report a result. Active studies are listed first.

40 registered studies matched, 11 currently active or recruiting.

StudyPhase · statusConditionsSponsor · size
Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics Study of S-Acetyl Glutathione in Highly Trained Soccer PlayersNCT07690124 · start 2026-09-01 · primary completion 2026-12-20Not applicableNot Yet RecruitingPerformance Recovery · Exercise-induced Inflammation · Exercise-induced Oxidative StressUniversity of Thessaly20 participants
Greater Atlanta Integrative Pediatrics Autism Spectrum Disorder Research StudyNCT07622316 · start 2026-06-01 · primary completion 2026-12-31Phase 1RecruitingAutism Spectrum Disorder · Autism · ASD · Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)Greater Atlanta Integrative Pediatrics100 participants
Adia Med of Winter Park LLC Chronic Kidney Disease Research StudyNCT07572890 · start 2026-05-18 · primary completion 2028-01Phase 1RecruitingChronic Kidney Disease · Kidney Disease · Kidney Disease, Chronic · Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) · CKDAdia Med of Winter Park LLC100 participants
Adia MED of Winter Park LLC Autism Spectrum Disorder Research StudyNCT07304440 · start 2026-05-01 · primary completion 2028-06-15Phase 1RecruitingAutism Spectrum Disorder · Autism · ASD · Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)Adia Med of Winter Park LLC100 participants
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Tranexamic Acid Combined With Glutathione-assisted Microneedling Versus Each Therapy Alone in the Treatment of MelasmaNCT07448415 · start 2026-02 · primary completion 2027-02Phase 2 / Phase 3Not Yet RecruitingMelasmaAssiut University42 participants
Efficacy Evaluation Study of Vitamin C and Glutathione Liquid SachetNCT07379216 · start 2026-01-24 · primary completion 2026-05-18Not applicableRecruitingSkin Condition · Anti-Oxidative StressTCI Co., Ltd.30 participants
Gingival Hyperpigmentation Treatment With Injectable Vitamin C in Conjunction With Glutathione Versus The Conventional Surgical Depigmentation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical TrialNCT07595705 · start 2025-08-01 · primary completion 2027-01Phase 2RecruitingGingival Pigmentation · Depigmentation · Vitamin C · GlutathioneCairo University30 participants
Efficacy and Safety of Glucocorticoids for Acute Drug Induced Liver Injury With Hyperbilirubinemia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled TrialNCT06922669 · start 2025-06-24 · primary completion 2027-03-31Not applicableRecruitingDrug Induced Liver InjuryGeneral Hospital of Shenyang Military Region232 participants
Prospective, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Glutathione Combined With PD-1 Antibody and Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung CancerNCT06896422 · start 2025-06-01 · primary completion 2026-12-31Phase 1RecruitingNon-Small Cell Lung Cancer · Chemotherapy · PD1 Antibody · GlutathioneThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University80 participants
Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasound-Enhanced Delivery of Compound Tranexamic Acid Solution in the Treatment of MelasmaNCT07202156 · start 2024-10-20 · primary completion 2026-02-07Not applicableRecruitingMelasma (Facial Melasma)The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University35 participants
Show 30 more registered studies
StudyPhase · statusConditionsSponsor · size
Efficacy of Mitochondrial Directed Therapy in Prevention of Cardiac Surgery Associated AKI Prevent Cardiac Surgery Associated AKI Trial (Prevent CSA-AKI Trial)NCT06620523 · start 2024-07-18 · primary completion 2027-06-17Phase 2RecruitingRenal Failure · Coronary Artery Disease · Surgery · Surgery-ComplicationsGeorge Washington University242 participants
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Arms, Prospective, Single-Center Clinical Study to Assess the Safety, Efficacy and In-Use Tolerability of Test Product i.e. Oziva Bioactive Gluta Fizzy in Subjects With Facial HyperpigmentationNCT07162623 · start 2025-09-02 · primary completion 2026-04-15Not applicableCompletedHyperpigmentationNovoBliss Research Pvt Ltd62 participants
Comparison of Gingival Depigmentation Using Microneedling and Microneedling With Glutathione Gel - A Split Mouth Clinical TrialNCT07748507 · start 2025-06-25 · primary completion 2025-12-28Not applicableCompletedGingiival HyperpigmentationKrishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences & Hospital15 participants
The Role of Glutathione Deficiency and MSIDS Variables in Long COVID-19NCT05371288 · start 2025-06 · primary completion 2025-09Early phase 1WithdrawnCOVID-19University of California, IrvineEnrollment not listed
The Impact of Oral Glutathione on Oxidative Damage and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled StudyNCT06313164 · start 2023-06-20 · primary completion 2024-01-30Not applicableCompletedType 2 DiabetesS.LAB (SOLOWAYS)217 participants
Bioavailable Glutathione Supplementation: During Hospitalization and BeyondNCT03166371 · start 2022-02 · primary completion 2023-02Not applicableWithdrawnMalnutritionEmory UniversityEnrollment not listed
Effect of Glutathione vs Potassium Iodide in Reducing Silver Diamine Flouride Staining When Used in Treatment of Primary Carious TeethNCT04816487 · start 2021-05-01 · primary completion 2021-08-01Not applicableUnknownDiscoloration, ToothCairo University60 participants
Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Psychological Level of Stress, Serum Oxidative Stress, Follicular Fluid Oxidative Stress, Ovarian Hormones and Response to Gonadotropin Stimulation During IVF (in Vitro Fertilisation) Procedures.NCT05575739 · start 2021-02-14 · primary completion 2022-12-31Not applicableUnknownIVF · Pregnancy · Oxidative Stress · Fertility DisordersCalla IVF Center80 participants
Effects of the "Glutathione Support for Health (GSH)" Plan on Glutathione Status in Type 2 DiabetesNCT04386187 · start 2020-07-28 · primary completion 2021-04-02Not applicableCompletedType 2 DiabetesUniversity of California, San Diego12 participants
Effects of 4 Weeks Supplementation With L-Citrulline and Glutathione on Arterial Function and Cardiovascular Responses in Postmenopausal Healthy Women: A Pilot StudyNCT04672447 · start 2020-07-01 · primary completion 2022-04-27Not applicableCompletedMenopause · Cardiovascular Risk FactorTexas Tech University39 participants
Association of Extracellular Thiol-disulfide and Intracellular Oxidized-reduced Glutathione Homeostasis With Severity and Clinical Prognosis of Post-stroke PatientsNCT04884555 · start 2020-07-01 · primary completion 2021-01-01Not applicableCompletedStrokeAbant Izzet Baysal University77 participants
Efficacy and Safety of Combined Microneedling With Topical Glutathione Versus Carboxy Therapy in Treatment of Patients With Periorbital HyperpigmentationNCT04389788 · start 2020-02-12 · primary completion 2020-10-10Not applicableCompletedPeriorbital HypermelanosisSohag University31 participants
An Open-Label Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum DisorderNCT05954052 · start 2019-07-01 · primary completion 2023-08-15Phase 4TerminatedAutism Spectrum DisorderUniversity of Chicago6 participants
Oral Glutathione As A Skin Whitening Agent: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Clinical TrialNCT04105504 · start 2018-04-08 · primary completion 2018-06-06Phase 1CompletedGlutathione · Skin WhiteningDr Irma Bernadette S Sitohang90 participants
Testing the Model: A Phase I/II Randomized Double Blind Placebo Control Trial of Targeted Therapeutics: Liposomal Glutathione and CurcuminNCT02848417 · start 2016-04 · primary completion 2019-08Phase 1 / Phase 2UnknownGulf War SyndromeSouth Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education75 participants
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Efficacy of End-ischemic Dual Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion With Standard Static Cold Storage of Liver Grafts Donated After Circulatory Death in Preventing Biliary ComplicationsNCT02584283 · start 2016-01 · primary completion 2020-01Phase 3CompletedLiver Failure · End Stage Liver Disease · Biliary Tract DiseasesRobert J. Porte157 participants
Oral Glutathione Supplementation on Cold/Flu Symptoms in Older Healthy AdultsNCT02316925 · start 2015-05 · primary completion 2015-05Not applicableWithdrawnImprovement in Immune Cell Function in Elderly HumansUniversity of FloridaEnrollment not listed
Phase IIb Study of Intranasal Glutathione in Parkinson's DiseaseNCT02424708 · start 2015-04 · primary completion 2016-03Phase 2CompletedParkinson's DiseaseBastyr University45 participants
Central Nervous System Uptake of Intranasal Glutathione in Parkinson's DiseaseNCT02324426 · start 2014-12 · primary completion 2015-03Phase 1CompletedParkinson's DiseaseUniversity of Washington15 participants
Pilot Study of Oral Liposomal Glutathione Supplementation on Levels of Glutathione in Blood and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Immune Function in Healthy AdultsNCT02278822 · start 2014-11 · primary completion 2015-04Not applicableCompletedHealthyMilton S. Hershey Medical Center12 participants
Combined Drug Approach to Prevent Ischemia-reperfusion Injury During Transplantation of Livers (CAPITL): a First-in-men StudyNCT02251041 · start 2014-09 · primary completion 2019-02Phase 2CompletedReperfusion InjuryUniversitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven143 participants
Biological Evaluation of Dietary Supplement Liposomal GlutathioneNCT01967667 · start 2014-04 · primary completion 2021-02Not applicableCompletedSchizophreniaUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore11 participants
Oral Glutathione and Health Outcomes Among Persons With Post-Polio SyndromeNCT01402570 · start 2011-08 · primary completion 2013-04Not applicableCompletedPost-polio Syndrome · Physical Activity · Depression · Pain · Sleep DisordersUniversity of Michigan20 participants
Effects of GSH and N-Acetylcysteine on Inflammatory Markers Among Adults With CVD RiskNCT01550432 · start 2011-06 · primary completion 2012-07Not applicableCompletedObesity · Hyperlipidemia · Insulin Resistance · HypertensionStanford University78 participants
Supplementation of Oral Reduced Glutathione in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis for Growth FailureNCT02029521 · start 2011-03 · primary completion 2012-03Not applicableCompletedCystic FibrosisClark Bishop47 participants
Randomized, Single Blind, Controlled Trial of Inhaled Glutathione Versus Placebo in Patients With Cystic FibrosisNCT01450267 · start 2010-06 · primary completion 2012-05Phase 3UnknownCystic FibrosisSerafino A. Marsico150 participants
Polymorphism of Oxidative Stress Relative Genes in Contrast Medium Induced Nephropathy:Implications in the Pathogenesis and the Effect of Antioxidant prevention-a Prospective,Randomized,Controlled StudyNCT01142024 · start 2010-03 · primary completion 2011-03Not applicableCompletedNephropathy · Oxidative StressHuashan Hospital1000 participants
The Use of Glutathione (GSH) for Prevention of Paclitaxel/Carboplatin (TAXOL/CBDCA) Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo Controlled StudyNCT02311907 · start 2009-12 · primary completion 2012-08Phase 3CompletedChemotherapeutic Agent Toxicity · Neuropathy · Neurotoxicity Syndrome · Pain · Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer · Stage IIIA Ovarian CancerAlliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology195 participants
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study of Glutathione, Vitamin C and Cysteine in Children With Autism and Severe Behavior ProblemsNCT00889538 · start 2009-04 · primary completion 2012-09Not applicableCompletedAutism · Severe Behavior DisorderUniversity of Louisville24 participants
Glutathione as an Oral Whitening Agent: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled StudyNCT01016080 · start 2009-02 · primary completion 2009-05Phase 1CompletedSkin WhiteningChulalongkorn University60 participants

Registry check 2026-10-01 · Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Human and clinical studies

Selected human-study records are shown with their indexed or reviewed study type. Check the original article for the intervention, formulation and controls; the molecule can also be a comparator or measured variable.

  1. Human study · PubMed trial index

    Glutathione as an oral whitening agent: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

    Arjinpathana N, Asawanonda P · The Journal of dermatological treatment · 2012

    PMID 20524875 · DOI: 10.3109/09546631003801619

  2. Human study · PubMed trial index

    Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione.

    Richie JP, Nichenametla S, Neidig W et al. · European journal of nutrition · 2015

    PMID 24791752 · DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0706-z

  3. Human study · PubMed trial index

    Effectiveness of oral glutathione in reducing nitric oxide and IL-1α concentrations for clinical improvement in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized controlled trial.

    Mawu FO, Anwar AI, Djawad K et al. · Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica · 2025

    PMID 41014073

  4. Human study · PubMed trial index

    Topical glutathione amino acid precursors protect skin against environmental and oxidative stress.

    Cui X, Mi T, Xiao X et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2024

    PMID 38189670 · DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19717

Preclinical research, reviews & other publications

Animal studies, laboratory experiments, reviews and other indexed papers answer different questions. A review is secondary evidence; a case report does not estimate how often an outcome occurs.

  1. Research publication · design requires review

    The antioxidant glutathione.

    Averill-Bates DA · Vitamins and hormones · 2023

    PMID 36707132 · DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.002

  2. Review · secondary evidence

    Glutathione as a skin-lightening agent and in melasma: a systematic review.

    Sarkar R, Yadav V, Yadav T et al. · International journal of dermatology · 2025

    PMID 39444151 · DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17535

  3. Review · secondary evidence

    The Glutathione Theory of Aging.

    Pelton R · Alternative therapies in health and medicine · 2024

    PMID 39316535

Glutathione supplier sources

Scientific sources describe molecules and experiments. The commercial links below identify recorded supplier packages. A publication or chemical database entry does not verify the seller, purity, sterility or contents of a lot. Some links are affiliate links; see our disclosure.

Glutathione for sale: compare prices, sizes and forms from every tracked supplier →

SupplierRecorded packagesExample source listing
American PeptidesUSD600mg Vial · 1500mg Vial · 500mg Spray3 recorded offers500mg Spray · $90.00Checked Oct 7, 2026Supplier listing
Blank PeptidesUSD1500mg Vial · 500mg Vial2 recorded offers1500mg Vial · $110.00Stale observation · Recorded out of stock · Checked Sep 30, 2026Supplier listing
Amino ClubUSD1500mg Vial1 recorded offers1500mg Vial · $59.99Stale observation · Checked Sep 28, 2026Supplier listing
Amino USAUSD600mg Vial1 recorded offers600mg Vial · $50.00Checked Oct 7, 2026Supplier listing
Cenexa LabsUSD1500mg Vial1 recorded offers1500mg Vial · $89.09Checked Oct 7, 2026Supplier listing

Reference sources & further reading

The citations above link directly to publication records. Encyclopedia links are background reading and are not used to establish clinical effectiveness.

Search for additional research

These links run searches; their results have not been individually reviewed and can include unrelated compounds.

Research information is not a dosing guide or a recommendation for personal use. Study findings are specific to the formulation, population and methods tested. Read our source and correction policy.

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