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Glutathione: molecular data, studies & sources
Glutathione is catalogued here as a research compound. This profile brings together the molecular source record, selected indexed publications and available supplier comparisons. Evidence for a named substance does not authenticate a commercial product.
Compiled by PeptideTech Editors · Sources checked · Selected bibliography, not a systematic review
Molecular formula, weight & structure
- Molecular formula (MF)
- C10H17N3O6S
- Molecular weight (MW)
- 307.33 g/mol
- PubChem compound ID
- 124886
- Record title
- Glutathione
Values describe the selected PubChem molecular entity. Counterions, salt forms, hydration and sequence changes can alter the supplied material. Confirm the exact identity against the supplier specification.
Source: PubChem CID 124886 · retrieved 2026-09-21
Chemical identifiers and source data
- IUPAC name
- (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
- InChIKey
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N
- SMILES
- C(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
Identifiers & sequence
- PubChem CID
- 124886
- CAS Registry Number
- 70-18-8via ChemIDplus, EPA DSSTox, FDA GSRS
- FDA UNII
- GAN16C9B8O
- ChEMBL ID
- CHEMBL1543
- InChIKey
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N
- Wikidata
- Q116907
Other names and development codes: NSC-400639
Peptide sequence · 3 residues (one-letter code; X marks a residue without a one-letter code)
XCG
Condensed notation with terminal groups and non-standard residues
H-gGlu-Cys-Gly-OH
Source: PubChem Biologic Line Notation. A reference sequence for the record, not an analysis of a supplied batch.
CAS numbers are published only from ChemIDplus, EPA DSSTox or the FDA Global Substance Registration System; UNII codes are confirmed in FDA GSRS by structure, sequence or exact name. Checked 2026-10-07.
Calculated molecular descriptors
| Monoisotopic (exact) mass | 307.0838 Da |
|---|---|
| Heavy atoms | 20 |
| Hydrogen-bond donors | 6 |
| Hydrogen-bond acceptors | 6 |
| Rotatable bonds | 9 |
| Topological polar surface area | 158.8 Ų |
| Calculated logP (Crippen) | -2.21 |
| Rings | 0 |
| Stereocenters | 2 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
Computed with RDKit from the published SMILES (Crippen logP, topological polar surface area). Calculated descriptors are not measured properties of a supplied batch.
US regulatory status & drug development
Drug development record (ChEMBL)
Harmonized drug-development record from ChEMBL. The highest clinical stage is the furthest stage reached, as recorded by ChEMBL; it can lag regulatory approvals, and it is not an approval of a research-supplier product.
- ChEMBL ID
- CHEMBL1543
- Modality
- Small molecule
- Highest clinical stage
- Phase 3
- Record name
- GLUTATHIONE
Synonyms, codes and trade names
- Synonyms and development codes
- NSC-400639
Identity check: Identical standard InChIKey to the PubChem record. Source: ChEMBL CHEMBL1543 (EMBL-EBI, CC BY-SA 3.0) · retrieved 2026-10-07
Registered clinical trials
Studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov that list Glutathione as an intervention. Studies that only measure the molecule as a biomarker, or use it only as a comparator or background arm for another drug, are excluded. A registration describes a planned or completed protocol; it does not report a result. Active studies are listed first.
37 registered studies matched, 11 currently active or recruiting, 5 with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov.
- By highest phase
- Phase 4 · 1Phase 3 · 4Phase 2 · 5Phase 1 · 7Early phase 1 · 1Not applicable · 19
- By registry status
- Completed · 19Recruiting · 9Unknown · 3Withdrawn · 3Not Yet Recruiting · 2Terminated · 1
| Study | Phase · status | Conditions | Sponsor · size |
|---|---|---|---|
| S-Acetyl Glutathione and Performance Recovery in SoccerNCT07690124 · start 2026-09-01 · primary completion 2026-12-20 | Not applicableNot Yet Recruiting | Performance Recovery · Exercise-induced Inflammation · Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress | University of Thessaly20 participants |
| GAIP ASD Research StudyNCT07622316 · start 2026-06-01 · primary completion 2026-12-31 | Phase 1Recruiting | Autism Spectrum Disorder · Autism · ASD · Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | Greater Atlanta Integrative Pediatrics100 participants |
| Adia Med of Winter Park LLC Autism Spectrum Disorder Research StudyNCT07304440 · start 2026-05-01 · primary completion 2028-06-15 | Phase 1Recruiting | Autism Spectrum Disorder · Autism · ASD · Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | Adia Med of Winter Park LLC100 participants |
| Adia Med of Winter Park LLC Chronic Kidney Disease Research StudyNCT07572890 · start 2026-05-18 · primary completion 2028-01 | Phase 1Recruiting | Chronic Kidney Disease · Kidney Disease · Kidney Disease, Chronic · Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) · CKD | Adia Med of Winter Park LLC100 participants |
| Evaluation of the Efficacy of Oral Tranexamic Acid and Glutathione-assisted Microneedling in Treatment of MelasmaNCT07448415 · start 2026-02 · primary completion 2027-02 | Phase 2 / Phase 3Not Yet Recruiting | Melasma | Assiut University42 participants |
| Efficacy Evaluation Study of Vitamin C and Glutathione Liquid SachetNCT07379216 · start 2026-01-24 · primary completion 2026-05-18 | Not applicableRecruiting | Skin Condition · Anti-Oxidative Stress | TCI Co., Ltd.30 participants |
| Gingival Hyperpigmentation TreatmentNCT07595705 · start 2025-08-01 · primary completion 2027-01 | Phase 2Recruiting | Gingival Pigmentation · Depigmentation · Vitamin C · Glutathione | Cairo University30 participants |
| Randomized Trial of Glutathione With Anti-PD-1 and Chemotherapy in Advanced NSCLCNCT06896422 · start 2025-06-01 · primary completion 2026-12-31 | Phase 1Recruiting | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer · Chemotherapy · PD1 Antibody · Glutathione | The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University80 participants |
| Glucocorticoids for Acute Drug Induced Liver Injury With HyperbilirubinemiaNCT06922669 · start 2025-06-24 · primary completion 2027-03-31 | Not applicableRecruiting | Drug Induced Liver Injury | General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region232 participants |
| Ultrasound-Enhanced Delivery of Compound TXA Solution in MelasmaNCT07202156 · start 2024-10-20 · primary completion 2026-02-07 | Not applicableRecruiting | Melasma (Facial Melasma) | The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University35 participants |
Show 27 more registered studies
| Study | Phase · status | Conditions | Sponsor · size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prevent Cardiac Surgery Associated AKI TrialNCT06620523 · start 2024-07-18 · primary completion 2027-06-17 | Phase 2Recruiting | Renal Failure · Coronary Artery Disease · Surgery · Surgery-Complications | George Washington University242 participants |
| Clinical Study to Assess Safety, Efficacy and In-Use Tolerability of Oziva Bioactive Gluta Fizzy Effervescent Tablets on Subjects With Facial Dark Spots Such as Pimple Marks, Sunspots, Age Spots and Uneven Skin ToneNCT07162623 · start 2025-09-02 · primary completion 2026-04-15 | Not applicableCompleted | Hyperpigmentation | NovoBliss Research Pvt Ltd62 participants |
| The Role of Glutathione Deficiency and MSIDS Variables in Long COVID-19NCT05371288 · start 2025-06 · primary completion 2025-09 | Early phase 1WithdrawnWhy stopped: No longer studying long COVID | COVID-19 | University of California, IrvineEnrollment not listed |
| Comparison of Gingival Depigmentation Using Microneedling and Microneedling With Glutathione Gel - A Split Mouth Clinical TrialNCT07748507 · start 2025-06-25 · primary completion 2025-12-28 | Not applicableCompleted | Gingiival Hyperpigmentation | Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences & Hospital15 participants |
| The Impact of Oral Glutathione on Oxidative Damage and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Type 2 Diabetes PatientsNCT06313164 · start 2023-06-20 · primary completion 2024-01-30 | Not applicableCompleted | Type 2 Diabetes | S.LAB (SOLOWAYS)217 participants |
| Glutathione (GSH) Supplementation After HospitalizationNCT03166371 · start 2022-02 · primary completion 2023-02 | Not applicableWithdrawnWhy stopped: Study was withdrawn prior to enrolling participants after being suspended due to funding and staffing issues. | Malnutrition | Emory UniversityEnrollment not listed |
| Effect of Glutathione vs KI in Reducing SDF Staining When Used in Treatment of Primary Carious TeethNCT04816487 · start 2021-05-01 · primary completion 2021-08-01 | Not applicableUnknown | Discoloration, Tooth | Cairo University60 participants |
| Effect of 4 Weeks of Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation on Arterial FunctionNCT04672447 · start 2020-07-01 · primary completion 2022-04-27 | Not applicableCompleted | Menopause · Cardiovascular Risk Factor | Texas Tech University39 participants |
| Treatment of Patients With Periorbital HyperpigmentationNCT04389788 · start 2020-02-12 · primary completion 2020-10-10 | Not applicableCompleted | Periorbital Hypermelanosis | Sohag University31 participants |
| A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum DisorderNCT05954052 · start 2019-07-01 · primary completion 2023-08-15 | Phase 4TerminatedResults posted 2025-09-18Why stopped: lack of funding and difficulty with phlebotomy in children with Autism | Autism Spectrum Disorder | University of Chicago6 participants |
| Oral Glutathione As A Skin Whitening AgentNCT04105504 · start 2018-04-08 · primary completion 2018-06-06 | Phase 1Completed | Glutathione · Skin Whitening | Dr Irma Bernadette S Sitohang90 participants |
| Glutathione vs. Curcumin Clinical TrialNCT02848417 · start 2016-04 · primary completion 2019-08 | Phase 1 / Phase 2Unknown | Gulf War Syndrome | South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education75 participants |
| Dual Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion of DCD Liver Grafts in Preventing Biliary Complications After TransplantationNCT02584283 · start 2016-01 · primary completion 2020-01 | Phase 3Completed | Liver Failure · End Stage Liver Disease · Biliary Tract Diseases | Robert J. Porte157 participants |
| GSH Supplementation on Cold/Flu Symptoms in Older Healthy AdultsNCT02316925 · start 2015-05 · primary completion 2015-05 | Not applicableWithdrawnWhy stopped: This study will never recruit. The protocol was renamed and will be resubmitted. | Improvement in Immune Cell Function in Elderly Humans | University of FloridaEnrollment not listed |
| Phase IIb Study of Intranasal Glutathione in Parkinson's DiseaseNCT02424708 · start 2015-04 · primary completion 2016-03 | Phase 2Completed | Parkinson's Disease | Bastyr University45 participants |
| CNS Uptake of Intranasal GlutathioneNCT02324426 · start 2014-12 · primary completion 2015-03 | Phase 1Completed | Parkinson's Disease | University of Washington15 participants |
| Oral Liposomal Glutathione Supplementation in Healthy SubjectsNCT02278822 · start 2014-11 · primary completion 2015-04 | Not applicableCompleted | Healthy | Milton S. Hershey Medical Center12 participants |
| Combined Drug Approach to Prevent Ischemia-reperfusion Injury During Transplantation of Livers (CAPITL)NCT02251041 · start 2014-09 · primary completion 2019-02 | Phase 2CompletedResults posted 2024-08-23 | Reperfusion Injury | Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven143 participants |
| Biological Evaluation of Dietary Supplement Liposomal GlutathioneNCT01967667 · start 2014-04 · primary completion 2021-02 | Not applicableCompleted | Schizophrenia | University of Maryland, Baltimore11 participants |
| Glutathione and Health With Post-Polio SyndromeNCT01402570 · start 2011-08 · primary completion 2013-04 | Not applicableCompletedResults posted 2017-02-17 | Post-polio Syndrome · Physical Activity · Depression · Pain · Sleep Disorders | University of Michigan20 participants |
| Effects of Glutathione (an Antioxidant) and N-Acetylcysteine on InflammationNCT01550432 · start 2011-06 · primary completion 2012-07 | Not applicableCompleted | Obesity · Hyperlipidemia · Insulin Resistance · Hypertension | Stanford University78 participants |
| Supplementation of Oral Reduced Glutathione in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis PatientsNCT02029521 · start 2011-03 · primary completion 2012-03 | Not applicableCompletedResults posted 2014-08-21 | Cystic Fibrosis | Clark Bishop47 participants |
| Inhaled Glutathione (GSH) Versus Placebo in Cystic FibrosisNCT01450267 · start 2010-06 · primary completion 2012-05 | Phase 3Unknown | Cystic Fibrosis | Serafino A. Marsico150 participants |
| Polymorphism of Oxidative Stress Genes in the Pathogenesis and Antioxidant Prevention of Contrast Induced NephropathyNCT01142024 · start 2010-03 · primary completion 2011-03 | Not applicableCompleted | Nephropathy · Oxidative Stress | Huashan Hospital1000 participants |
| Glutathione in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and/or Primary Peritoneal CancerNCT02311907 · start 2009-12 · primary completion 2012-08 | Phase 3CompletedResults posted 2017-02-23 | Chemotherapeutic Agent Toxicity · Neuropathy · Neurotoxicity Syndrome · Pain · Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer · Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer | Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology195 participants |
| Study of Glutathione, Vitamin C and Cysteine in Children With Autism and Severe Behavior ProblemsNCT00889538 · start 2009-04 · primary completion 2012-09 | Not applicableCompleted | Autism · Severe Behavior Disorder | University of Louisville24 participants |
| Role of Oral Glutathione in Skin WhiteningNCT01016080 · start 2009-02 · primary completion 2009-05 | Phase 1Completed | Skin Whitening | Chulalongkorn University60 participants |
Registry check 2026-10-09 · Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Human intervention studies
Selected studies in which participants received Glutathione, with their indexed or reviewed study type. Check the original article for the formulation, population and controls. Studies that only measured the molecule, or used it as a comparator, are listed separately below and are not counted as intervention studies.
- Human study · PubMed trial index Compound given to participants
Glutathione as an oral whitening agent: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Arjinpathana N, Asawanonda P · The Journal of dermatological treatment · 2012
PMID 20524875 · DOI: 10.3109/09546631003801619
- Human study · PubMed trial index Compound given to participants
Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione.
Richie JP, Nichenametla S, Neidig W et al. · European journal of nutrition · 2015
PMID 24791752 · DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0706-z
- Human study · PubMed trial index Compound given to participants
Effectiveness of oral glutathione in reducing nitric oxide and IL-1α concentrations for clinical improvement in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized controlled trial.
Mawu FO, Anwar AI, Djawad K et al. · Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica · 2025
PMID 41014073
Human studies that measured Glutathione or used it as a comparator
Indexed as human studies in PubMed, but participants were not given Glutathione as the studied intervention, or the record does not establish that they were. They describe measurements or comparisons, not the effect of administering the compound.
- Human study · PubMed trial index Endogenous level measured · not given
Topical glutathione amino acid precursors protect skin against environmental and oxidative stress.
Cui X, Mi T, Xiao X et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2024
PMID 38189670 · DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19717
Preclinical research, reviews & other publications
Animal studies, laboratory experiments, reviews and other indexed papers answer different questions. A review is secondary evidence; a case report does not estimate how often an outcome occurs.
- Research publication · design requires review
The antioxidant glutathione.
Averill-Bates DA · Vitamins and hormones · 2023
PMID 36707132 · DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.002
- Review · secondary evidence
Glutathione as a skin-lightening agent and in melasma: a systematic review.
Sarkar R, Yadav V, Yadav T et al. · International journal of dermatology · 2025
PMID 39444151 · DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17535
- Review · secondary evidence
The Glutathione Theory of Aging.
Pelton R · Alternative therapies in health and medicine · 2024
PMID 39316535
Glutathione supplier sources
Scientific sources describe molecules and experiments. The commercial links below identify recorded supplier packages. A publication or chemical database entry does not verify the seller, purity, sterility or contents of a lot. Some links are affiliate links; see our disclosure.
Glutathione for sale: compare prices, sizes and forms from every tracked supplier →
| Supplier | Recorded packages | Example source listing |
|---|---|---|
| American PeptidesUSD | 600mg Vial · 1500mg Vial · 500mg Spray3 recorded offers | 500mg Spray · $90.00Checked Nov 6, 2026Supplier listing, Glutathione 500mg Spray, American Peptides, opens in a new tab |
| Blank PeptidesUSD | 1500mg Vial · 500mg Vial2 recorded offers | 1500mg Vial · $110.00Stale observation · Recorded out of stock · Checked Sep 30, 2026Supplier listing, Glutathione 1500mg Vial, Blank Peptides, opens in a new tab |
| Amino ClubUSD | 1500mg Vial1 recorded offers | 1500mg Vial · $59.99Stale observation · Checked Oct 14, 2026Supplier listing, Glutathione 1500mg Vial, Amino Club, opens in a new tab |
| Amino USAUSD | 600mg Vial1 recorded offers | 600mg Vial · $50.00Recorded out of stock · Checked Nov 6, 2026Supplier listing, Glutathione 600mg Vial, Amino USA, opens in a new tab |
| Cenexa LabsUSD | 1500mg Vial1 recorded offers | 1500mg Vial · $89.09Recorded out of stock · Checked Nov 6, 2026Supplier listing, Glutathione 1500mg Vial, Cenexa Labs, opens in a new tab |
| LA PeptidesUSD | 600mg Vial · 1500mg Vial2 recorded offers | 600mg Vial · $59.99Checked Nov 3, 2026Supplier listing, Glutathione 600mg Vial, LA Peptides, opens in a new tab |
Reference sources & further reading
- PubChem compound record 124886 — chemical identity and structure.
- ChEMBL drug record CHEMBL1543 — development stage, mechanism and synonyms.
- FDA Global Substance Registration System: UNII GAN16C9B8O — substance identity, names and codes.
- Wikipedia: Glutathione — Background encyclopedia; not a primary clinical source.
The citations above link directly to publication records. Encyclopedia links are background reading and are not used to establish clinical effectiveness.
Search for additional research
These links run searches; their results have not been individually reviewed and can include unrelated compounds.
Research information is not a dosing guide or a recommendation for personal use. Study findings are specific to the formulation, population and methods tested. Read our source and correction policy.
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