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Thymosin Alpha-1: molecular data, studies & sources

Thymosin Alpha-1 is catalogued here as a research compound. This profile brings together the molecular source record, selected indexed publications and available supplier comparisons. Evidence for a named substance does not authenticate a commercial product.

Compiled by PeptideTech Editors · Sources checked · Selected bibliography, not a systematic review

Molecular formula, weight & structure

Molecular formula (MF)
C129H215N33O55
Molecular weight (MW)
3108.3 g/mol
PubChem compound ID
16130571
Record title
Thymalfasin

Values describe the selected PubChem molecular entity. Counterions, salt forms, hydration and sequence changes can alter the supplied material. Confirm the exact identity against the supplier specification.

Source: PubChem CID 16130571 · retrieved 2026-09-21

2D molecular structure for Thymosin Alpha-1, PubChem CID 16130571
2D depiction from PubChem. Open to inspect the full image. This drawing represents the selected record, not a vendor batch test.
Chemical identifiers and source data
IUPAC name
(4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
InChIKey
NZVYCXVTEHPMHE-ZSUJOUNUSA-N
SMILES
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)C
Machine-readable PubChem source
Calculated molecular descriptors
Monoisotopic (exact) mass3106.5041 Da
Heavy atoms217
Hydrogen-bond donors49
Hydrogen-bond acceptors49
Rotatable bonds111
Topological polar surface area1456.3 Ų
Calculated logP (Crippen)-18.09
Rings0
Stereocenters32
Formal charge0

Computed with RDKit from the published SMILES (Crippen logP, topological polar surface area). Calculated descriptors are not measured properties of a supplied batch.

Registered clinical trials

Studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov that list Thymosin Alpha-1 as an intervention. Studies that only measure the molecule as a biomarker are excluded. A registration describes a planned or completed protocol; it does not report a result. Active studies are listed first.

38 registered studies matched, 9 currently active or recruiting.

StudyPhase · statusConditionsSponsor · size
AI-assisted Immunoinflammatory Subtyping-Directed Precision Treatment in Acute Aortic Dissection: A Multicenter RCT-based ExplorationNCT07382375 · start 2027-12-31 · primary completion 2027-12-31Not applicableNot Yet RecruitingAortic Aneurysm and DissectionNanjing Medical University300 participants
Exploratory, Single-Arm, Multicenter Clinical Study of Adebrelimab Combined With Thymalfasin and Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaNCT07780721 · start 2026-08-30 · primary completion 2028-08-01Phase 2Not Yet RecruitingEsophageal CancerThe Affiliated Hospital of Putian University31 participants
Efficacy and Safety Study of Thymalfasin in Combination with Targeted Immunotherapy (Regorafenib and Tislelizumab) in Patients with Advanced PMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer Who Failed Standard of Care: a Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Clinical StudyNCT06829355 · start 2025-02-11 · primary completion 2025-12-31Phase 2RecruitingMCRCBeijing Friendship Hospital52 participants
Thymalfasin (Thymosin Alpha 1; Ta1) as an Enhancer of Vaccine Response Among Older Adults Receiving Booster Doses of COVID-19 VaccineNCT06821100 · start 2024-12-02 · primary completion 2026-12-01Phase 1RecruitingVaccine Response · COVID-19 Vaccine · Immune Response to Covid 19 VaccinationThe Methodist Hospital Research Institute75 participants
A Phase II, Single-Center, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Thymalfasin and Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 Injections in Treating Lymphocytopenia in Patients With Malignant Hematological TumorsNCT06584006 · start 2024-09-01 · primary completion 2027-11-30Phase 2RecruitingHematological Malignancy · LymphocytopeniaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University50 participants
Efficacy and Safety of Radiotherapy With Sequential Chemotherapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor and Thymalfasin for Borderline Resectable Pancreatic CancerNCT06573398 · start 2024-09-01 · primary completion 2025-09-01Phase 2Not Yet RecruitingCarcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalRuijin Hospital20 participants
The Efficacy and Safety of Anti-PD-1 Combined With Thymalfasin and SOX in Neoadjuvant Treatment of cStage III Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective, Open-label, Single-arm, Phase II Clinical StudyNCT06461910 · start 2024-06-14 · primary completion 2026-01-28Phase 2RecruitingGastric Cancer · Esophagogastric Junction AdenocarcinomaZekuan Xu30 participants
Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor and Thymalfasin in pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Middle and Low Rectal Cancer: An Open, Multi-center, Prospective, Single-arm Phase II Clinical StudyNCT06056804 · start 2024-01-03 · primary completion 2024-12-01Phase 2Active Not RecruitingLocally Advanced Rectal CancerBeijing Friendship Hospital20 participants
Thymosin Alpha 1 Combined With Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Elderly Patients With Advanced MelanomaNCT07644897 · start 2023-05-30 · primary completion 2027-05-30Phase 2RecruitingMelanoma · Immune-related Adverse Event · Immune Checkpoint InhibitorSun Yat-sen University55 participants
Efficacy and Safety of Thymosin α1 Plus Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients With Resectable Stage II - IIIB Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled TrialNCT06607926 · start 2024-10-15 · primary completion 2025-06-30Not applicableUnknownResectable Non-Small-Cell Lung CancerXuanwu Hospital, Beijing40 participants
Show 28 more registered studies
StudyPhase · statusConditionsSponsor · size
Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor and Thymalfasin for Locally Advanced Mid-low Rectal Cancer: a Single-center, Retrospective, Controlled StudyNCT06024356 · start 2023-09-20 · primary completion 2026-04-30Not applicableCompletedColorectal NeoplasmsBeijing Friendship Hospital47 participants
Treatment of Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors Based on Precise Thymalfasin-regulated PRaG Mode: an Open-label, Prospective, Multicenter Study (PRaG 5.0 Study)NCT05790447 · start 2023-04-01 · primary completion 2025-05Phase 2UnknownAdvanced Solid Tumor · Refractory TumorSecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University60 participants
A Prospective Single-arm Cohort Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Thymalfasin (Zadaxin®) in the Treatment of HIV-positive Patients With Immune Reconstitution DisordersNCT04963712 · start 2021-09-01 · primary completion 2022-07-22Early phase 1CompletedHIV-1-infectionShanghai Public Health Clinical Center20 participants
A Pilot Trial of Thymalfasin (Ta1) to Prevent COVID-19 Infection in Renal Dialysis PatientsNCT04428008 · start 2021-01-12 · primary completion 2023-01-19Phase 2CompletedCOVID-19William B. Ershler, MD189 participants
A Pilot Trial of Thymalfasin (Ta1) to Treat COVID-19 Infection in Patients With LymphocytopeniaNCT04487444 · start 2020-09-10 · primary completion 2023-02-03Phase 2TerminatedCovid19Rhode Island Hospital56 participants
An Clinic Trial of Recombinant Human Interferon Alpha Nasal Drops to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Medical Staff in Epidemic AreaNCT04320238 · start 2020-01-21 · primary completion 2020-05Phase 3Unknown2019 Novel Coronavirus InfectionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine2944 participants
A Phase II Study of Thymopeptide a1 During Split-course Chemoradiotherapy to Reduce Acute Pneumonia For Bulky None-small Cell Lung CancerNCT03659578 · start 2018-08-09 · primary completion 2021-09-30Phase 2CompletedNon-small Cell Lung CancerSun Yat-sen University69 participants
Thymosin Alpha 1 in the Prevention of Pancreatic Infection Following Acute Necrotizing PancreatitisNCT02473406 · start 2018-03-27 · primary completion 2020-12-24Phase 4CompletedPancreatitis, Acute NecrotizingWeiqin Li508 participants
First Line Bio-immunotherapy With Thymosin Alpha 1 in Patients With Sensitizing EGFR Mutation Positive Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Are Taking Standard of Care TherapyNCT02906163 · start 2016-10 · primary completion 2019-12Phase 1 / Phase 2UnknownEGFR Mutation Positive Non Small Cell Lung CancerSciClone Pharmaceuticals188 participants
The Efficacy and Safety of Thymosin Alpha 1 for Sepsis: a Multicenter , Double-Blinded, Randomized and Controlled Clinical TrialNCT02867267 · start 2016-09-06 · primary completion 2021-01-22Phase 3CompletedSepsisSun Yat-sen University1106 participants
Thymosin Alpha 1 Plus Maintenance Therapy With the Standard of Care (SoC) Chemotherapy Plus Cisplatin (or Carboplatin) in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), EGFR Wild TypeNCT02906150 · start 2016-09 · primary completion 2019-05Phase 2UnknownNon-Small Cell Lung CancerSciClone Pharmaceuticals140 participants
A Phase II Trial of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Combined With Thymosin for Metastatic NSCLC Patients Who Showed Stable Disease After First Line TKI TherapyNCT02787447 · start 2016-05 · primary completion 2017-12Phase 2UnknownLung AdenocarcinomaFirst People's Hospital of Hangzhou46 participants
Efficacy of Thymosin Alpha 1 on Improving Monocyte Function for SepsisNCT02883595 · start 2016-03-31 · primary completion 2016-09-30Phase 4CompletedSepsisSun Yat-sen University20 participants
A Phase II Study of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and ZADAXIN's® (Thymalfasin) Induced Tumor Effects in Patients With Heavily Pretreated, Metastatic Esophageal CancerNCT02545751 · start 2016-01 · primary completion 2017-12Phase 2UnknownEsophageal Cancer · Metastatic Esophageal Cancer · Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy · ThymalfasinHangzhou Cancer Hospital29 participants
A Phase II Study of Radiotherapy and ZADAXIN's® (Thymalfasin) Induced Abscopal Effect in Patients With Heavily Pretreated, Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.NCT02542930 · start 2016-01 · primary completion 2018-12Phase 2WithdrawnNon-small Cell Lung Cancer · Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer · Radiotherapy · ThymalfasinZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalEnrollment not listed
A Phase II Study of Radiotherapy and ZADAXIN's® (Thymalfasin) Induced Abscopal Effect in Patients With Heavily Pretreated, Metastatic Small Cell Lung CancerNCT02542137 · start 2015-09 · primary completion 2018-12Phase 2WithdrawnSmall Cell Lung Cancer · Radiotherapy · ThymalfasinZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalEnrollment not listed
A Phase II Study of Radiotherapy and ZADAXIN's® (Thymalfasin) Induced Abscopal Effect in Patients With Heavily Pretreated, Metastatic Colorectal CancerNCT02535988 · start 2015-09 · primary completion 2017-01Phase 2WithdrawnColorectal Cancer · Metastatic Colorectal Cancer · ThymalfasinZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalEnrollment not listed
Investigator Initiated Study of Thymosin in HBV-related HCCNCT02281266 · start 2015-01 · primary completion 2018-06Phase 4UnknownCurable Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular CarcinomaJia Fan360 participants
Therapeutic Safety and Efficacy of REP 2139 (REP 9AC') in HBV Infected PatientsNCT02646189 · start 2011-08 · primary completion 2013-08Phase 1 / Phase 2CompletedHepatitis B, ChronicReplicor Inc.12 participants
A Pilot, Randomized, Open-label Study in Patients on Chronic Dialysis With End Stage Renal Disease (Esrd), to Evaluate the Enhancing Effect of Two Doses of Thymosin Alpha 1 on the Immunogenicity of h1n1sw Monovalent VaccineNCT01031966 · start 2009-11 · primary completion 2010-05Phase 2CompletedEND STAGE RENAL DISEASEsigma-tau i.f.r. S.p.A.120 participants
Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Thymosin alpha1 in Patients With Severe SepsisNCT00711620 · start 2008-05 · primary completion 2010-12Not applicableCompletedSevere SepsisSun Yat-sen University366 participants
Phase I/II Clinical Trial on Thymosin Alfa 1 of Allogeneic Hematopoietic TransplantationNCT00580450 · start 2007-12 · primary completion 2007-12Phase 1 / Phase 2UnknownHematological MalignanciesUniversity Of Perugia9 participants
A Phase III, Multicentre, Double Blinded Study In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Who Are Non-Responders To Prior Peginterferon Alpha + Ribavirin Therapy Comparing Treatment With Thymosin Alpha 1 + Peginterferon Alpha-2a Plus Ribavirin With Peginterferon Alpha-2a + Ribavirin + PlaceboNCT01178996 · start 2004-12 · primary completion 2008-05Phase 3CompletedChronic Hepatitis Csigma-tau i.f.r. S.p.A.552 participants
A Phase II, Multicentre, Open, Randomised, Dose Ranging Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Combination Therapy Containing Dacarbazine (DTIC) Plus Low Dose Interferon Alpha (aIFN) Plus Thymosin a1 Versus Both DTIC Plus Thymosin a1 and DTIC Plus aIFN in Patients With Advanced -Stage Metastatic Malignant MelanomaNCT00911443 · start 2002-07 · primary completion 2007-09Phase 2CompletedMalignant Melanomasigma-tau i.f.r. S.p.A.488 participants
Thymosin Plus PEG-Interferon in Hepatitis C Patients With Cirrhosis Who Did Not Respond to Interferon or Interferon Plus RibavirinNCT00039962 · start 2002-05Phase 3CompletedHepatitis C · Hepatitis C, ChronicSciClone Pharmaceuticals500 participants
Thymosin Plus PEG-Interferon in Non-Cirrhotic Hepatitis C Patients Who Did Not Respond to Interferon or Interferon Plus RibavirinNCT00040027 · start 2002-04Phase 3CompletedHepatitis C · Hepatitis C, ChronicSciClone Pharmaceuticals500 participants
A Trial of Thymalfasin With Trans Arterial Chemo-Embolization (TACE) in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase II TrialNCT00082082Phase 2CompletedCarcinoma, HepatocellularSciClone PharmaceuticalsEnrollment not listed
Safety and Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycolated IL-2 (PEG IL-2) Plus Zidovudine and Thymosin Alpha 1 in HIV-Positive, Asymptomatic and Symptomatic IndividualsNCT00001036Phase 1CompletedHIV InfectionsNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)12 participants

Registry check 2026-10-01 · Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Human and clinical studies

Selected human-study records are shown with their indexed or reviewed study type. Check the original article for the intervention, formulation and controls; the molecule can also be a comparator or measured variable.

  1. Human study · PubMed trial index

    Thymosin alpha 1 is associated with improved cellular immunity and reduced infection rate in severe acute pancreatitis patients in a double-blind randomized control study.

    Wang X, Li W, Niu C et al. · Inflammation · 2011

    PMID 20549321 · DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9224-1

  2. Human study · PubMed trial index

    A randomized, controlled, clinical study of thymosin alpha-1 versus interferon-alpha in [corrected] patients with chronic hepatitis B lacking HBeAg in China [corrected].

    You J, Zhuang L, Cheng HY et al. · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2005

    PMID 15759817 · DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(09)70137-6

  3. Human study · PubMed trial index

    Polyethylene glycol-modified interleukin-2 and thymosin alpha 1 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

    Ramachandran R, Katzenstein DA, Winters MA et al. · The Journal of infectious diseases · 1996

    PMID 8603940 · DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.4.1005

Preclinical research, reviews & other publications

Animal studies, laboratory experiments, reviews and other indexed papers answer different questions. A review is secondary evidence; a case report does not estimate how often an outcome occurs.

  1. Review · secondary evidence

    Thymosin alpha-1.

    Ancell CD, Phipps J, Young L et al. · American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists · 2001

    PMID 11381492 · DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/58.10.886

  2. Review · secondary evidence

    Aging and Thymosin Alpha-1.

    Simonova MA, Ivanov I, Shoshina NS et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2025

    PMID 41373628 · DOI: 10.3390/ijms262311470

  3. Research publication · design requires review

    Thymosin alpha-1 treatment in chronic hepatitis B.

    Wu X, Jia J, You H et al. · Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2015

    PMID 25640173 · DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1007948

Thymosin Alpha-1 supplier sources

Scientific sources describe molecules and experiments. The commercial links below identify recorded supplier packages. A publication or chemical database entry does not verify the seller, purity, sterility or contents of a lot. Some links are affiliate links; see our disclosure.

Thymosin Alpha-1 for sale: compare prices, sizes and forms from every tracked supplier →

SupplierRecorded packagesExample source listing
Blank PeptidesUSD10mg Vial1 recorded offers10mg Vial · $75.00Stale observation · Checked Sep 30, 2026Supplier listing
American PeptidesUSD10mg Vial1 recorded offers10mg Vial · $125.00Checked Oct 7, 2026Supplier listing
Amino ClubUSD10mg Vial1 recorded offers10mg Vial · $39.99Stale observation · Checked Sep 28, 2026Supplier listing
Amino USAUSD5mg Vial1 recorded offers5mg Vial · $60.00Checked Oct 7, 2026Supplier listing
Cenexa LabsUSD10mg Vial1 recorded offers10mg Vial · $129.99Checked Oct 7, 2026Supplier listing

Reference sources & further reading

The citations above link directly to publication records. Encyclopedia links are background reading and are not used to establish clinical effectiveness.

Search for additional research

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Research information is not a dosing guide or a recommendation for personal use. Study findings are specific to the formulation, population and methods tested. Read our source and correction policy.

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